![]() ![]() Experimental demonstration of fault-tolerant state preparation with superconducting qubits. ![]() Demonstration of a quantum error detection code using a square lattice of four superconducting qubits. PhD thesis, California Institute of Technology (1997).Ĭórcoles, A. Stabilizer Codes and Quantum Error Correction. How to factor 2048 bit RSA integers in 8 hours using 20 million noisy qubits. ![]() Quantum computing enhanced computational catalysis. Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer. Elucidating reaction mechanisms on quantum computers. Simulated quantum computation of molecular energies. Simulation of many-body Fermi systems on a universal quantum computer. Universal quantum computation with ideal Clifford gates and noisy ancillas. Fault-tolerant quantum computation with constant error rate. Theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation. Threshold accuracy for quantum computation. 37th Conference on Foundations of Computer Science (1996). ![]() Theory of quantum error-correcting codes. Scheme for reducing decoherence in quantum computer memory. With improved two-qubit gates and the use of intermediate measurements, a stabilized logical qubit can be achieved. These results demonstrate that fault-tolerant circuits enable highly accurate logical primitives in current quantum systems. In addition, we prepare magic states with fidelities that exceed the distillation threshold 7, demonstrating all of the key single-qubit ingredients required for universal fault-tolerant control. The result of fault-tolerant design is an average state preparation and measurement error of 0.6 per cent and a Clifford gate error of 0.3 per cent after offline error correction. When we compare these fault-tolerant protocols to non-fault-tolerant protocols, we see significant reductions in the error rates of the logical primitives in the presence of noise. Here we experimentally demonstrate fault-tolerant circuits for the preparation, measurement, rotation and stabilizer measurement of a Bacon–Shor logical qubit using 13 trapped ion qubits. Although fault-tolerant design works in principle, it has not previously been demonstrated in an error-corrected physical system with native noise characteristics. Fault-tolerant circuits contain the spread of errors while controlling the logical qubit, and are essential for realizing error suppression in practice 3, 4, 5, 6. These extra degrees of freedom enable the detection and correction of errors, but also increase the control complexity of the encoded logical qubit. "That's why we're working on eventually making quantum hardware, tools and applications available to customers and partners, including through Google Cloud, so that they can harness the power of quantum in new and exciting ways," Pichai noted.Quantum error correction protects fragile quantum information by encoding it into a larger quantum system 1, 2. Someday, said Pichai, quantum computers will be used to identify molecules for new medicines, create fertilisers using less energy, design more efficient sustainable technologies from batteries to nuclear fusion reactors, and produce physics research that will lead to advances we can't yet imagine. Three years ago, Google quantum computers were the first to demonstrate a computational task in which they outperformed the fastest supercomputers. By encoding larger numbers of physical qubits on our quantum processor into one logical qubit, we hope to reduce the error rates to enable useful quantum algorithms," said Pichai. "Instead of computing on the individual qubits themselves, we will then compute on logical qubits. Quantum error correction protects information by encoding it across multiple physical qubits to form a "logical qubit," and is believed to be the only way to produce a large-scale quantum computer with error rates low enough for useful calculations. ![]()
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